Down South; or, Yacht Adventure in Florida — Text and Context
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CHAPTER I. MAKING A FLORIDA PORT 13
CHAPTER II. OUR LIBERAL PASSENGERS 23
CHAPTER III. A NATIVE FLORIDIAN 33
CHAPTER IV. A TRIP UP THE SAN SEBASTIAN 43
CHAPTER V. SAVED FROM THE BURNING HOUSE 53
CHAPTER VI. MOONLIGHT AND MUSIC ON BOARD 63
CHAPTER VII. THE ENEMY IN A NEW BUSINESS 73
CHAPTER VIII. A DISAGREEABLE ROOM-MATE 83
CHAPTER IX. A BATTLE WITH THE SERPENT 93
CHAPTER X. THE FELLOW IN THE LOCK-UP 103
CHAPTER XI. THE HON. PARDON TIFFANY'S WARNING 113
CHAPTER XII. SUGGESTIONS OF ANOTHER CONSPIRACY 123
CHAPTER XIII. MR. COBBINGTON AND HIS PET RATTLESNAKE 133
CHAPTER XIV. THE EXCURSION TO FORT GEORGE ISLAND 143
CHAPTER XV. A WAR OF WORDS 153
CHAPTER XVI. GRIFFIN LEEDS AT A DISCOUNT 163
CHAPTER XVII. POOR GRIFF AND HIS COUNSEL 173
CHAPTER XVIII. THE EXCURSION TO MANDARIN 183
CHAPTER XIX. THE ADVENTURES OF AN INVALID 193
CHAPTER XX. DIFFICULTIES IN THE WAY OF DEPARTURE 203
CHAPTER XXI. A VISIT TO ORANGE PARK 213
CHAPTER XXII. FISHING IN DOCTOR'S LAKE 223
CHAPTER XXIII. TROLLING FOR BLACK BASS 233
CHAPTER XXIV. GREEN COVE SPRINGS AND GOVERNOR'S CREEK 243
CHAPTER XXV. ALLIGATOR-SHOOTING ON BLACK CREEK 253
CHAPTER XXVI. ON BOARD OF THE WETUMPKA 263
CHAPTER XXVII. UP THE OCKLAWAHA TO LAKE GRIFFIN 273
CHAPTER XXVIII. AN EXPEDITION TO INDIAN RIVER 283
CHAPTER XXIX. A MYSTERIOUS SHOT 293
CHAPTER XXX. SHOOTING IN THE FOREST AND BEING SHOT 303
DOWN SOUTH; OR, _YACHT ADVENTURES IN FLORIDA._
MAKING A FLORIDA PORT.
"That's it, as true as you live, Captain Alick!" exclaimed Bob Washburn, the mate of the Sylvania, as he dropped the spy-glass from his right eye. "Your dead-reckoning was correct every time."
"I have no doubt you are right, Washburn," I replied, referring to an open volume that lay on the shelf under the forward windows of the pilot-house. "'A square tower, painted white, sixty-eight feet above the sea,'" I continued, reading from the _Coast Pilot_. "But there is another tower, more than twice that height. Ah, here is a note in pencil I made: 'The government has built a new tower, one hundred and sixty feet high.'"
"That must be St. Augustine Light: there can be no possible doubt of it. It fits the description; and that is exactly where we ought to find it," added the mate.
The Sylvania had been on a ten weeks' cruise to Nassau, Havana, and the Bermuda Islands. In Havana we had been startled by the report of a few cases of yellow fever, and we had hastily departed for the Bermudas, where we had cruised by sea and journeyed by land for a month. The steam-yacht was now on her return to Florida. The weather had been thick and rainy, and for the last two days I had failed to obtain an observation. But we had heaved the log every two hours, though there was rarely a variation of half a knot from our regular speed. We had made careful calculations and allowances for the current of the Gulf Stream, and the result was that we came out right when we made the Florida coast.
We had two sets of instruments on board; and Washburn and myself had each made an independent observation, when the sky was clear enough to permit us to do so, and had ciphered out the latitude and longitude. We had also figured up the dead-reckoning separately, as much for practice as to avoid mistakes. We had varied a little on the dead-reckoning, and it proved that I was the nearer right, as the position of St. Augustine Light proved.
The steam-yacht was under charter for a year to my cousin, Owen Garningham, a young Englishman, who was spending the winter in the South. The after cabin was occupied by four other persons, who were his guests,--Colonel Shepard, his wife, son, and daughter. Miss Edith, the daughter, was Owen's "bright particular star," and she was one of the most beautiful young ladies I ever saw. I may add that she was as gentle and amiable as she was pretty. All the Shepard family were very pleasant people, invariably kind to the ship's company; and though the Colonel was a very wealthy man, none of them ever "put on airs" in their relations with the crew.
Though I did not pride myself on the fact that some of my ship's company had "blue blood" in their veins, I certainly believed that no vessel was ever manned by a more intelligent, gentlemanly, and skilful crew. Robert C. Washburn, the mate, was a college student, who would return to his studies at the end of the voyage. He was one of the best fellows I had ever met, and was competent to command any vessel, on any voyage, so far at least as its navigation and management were concerned. We were devoted friends; but he received his wages and did his duty as though he and I had had no other relations than those of captain and mate.
Moses Brickland, the chief engineer, was the son of my guardian; and though he was still in his teens, he was competent to build an engine, or to run it after it was built. Bentley F. Bowman, the assistant engineer, was a full-grown man, and had a certificate, besides being one of the best seamen I ever sailed with. Our steward, who was our only waiter until we sailed from Jacksonville in December, had been chief steward of a large Western steamer, and fully understood all branches of his business. He was on the present voyage for the benefit of his health. Buck Lingley and Hop Tossford, the deck-hands, were young Englishmen, belonging to the "first families," and were friends of my cousin Owen; but two more daring, resolute, and skilful young seamen never trod a deck. The two firemen were young machinists I had shipped at Montreal when they were out of work. They were brothers, and the sons of a Vermont farmer. Washington Gopher, an excellent cook, was a gray-haired colored man, who had rendered the best of service on board.
The Sylvania had come all the way from Lake St. Clair, and it was expected that she would return there. The steam-yacht was my property, so far as a minor could hold property. She had been presented to me by the head of a wealthy Western family for a valuable service I had rendered. I had cruised in the Great Lakes in her, and had had some exciting adventures on board.
I had spent my earliest days in the poor-house of a Maine town, from which a down-east skipper had taken me for the work I could do. But I was afterwards found near Lake St. Clair by my father, after a long and diligent search. But he had been obliged to leave me in charge of Mr. Brickland, my ever faithful friend and guardian, while he went to England to attend to some family affairs. He left property enough to make me independent for life, but it had all been lost by a fire, and I had nothing but the Sylvania.
The steam-yacht afforded me an abundant support while she was under charter to my cousin. Owen was the next heir to me of my father's title of baronet and his large estate. One Pike Carrington, my father's solicitor, had persuaded my cousin to enter into some vague conspiracy to "get rid of me in some manner." But, with the aid of Washburn, I had discovered the plot; and having the good fortune to save Owen's life in a storm, before he was fairly committed to the conspiracy, he had become my fast friend.
My cousin's mother was very rich, and it appeared that she gave him money without stint or limit. Carrington had bought the sister yacht of the Sylvania, the Islander, which was to take part in the conspiracy against me, and in which the solicitor had followed the Sylvania to Florida. He had employed Captain Parker Boomsby, the down-east skipper, then settled in Michigan, to command her, and to assist in carrying out his plan. One feature of the scheme was to make me believe that my father was dead; and for months I did believe it. Captain Boomsby claimed that I had been "bound out" to him till I was twenty-one; and he insisted upon the possession of my person and my property as much as though I had been his slave. My father had made an arrangement with him by which he had abandoned all his interest in me, but at the reported death of my father, Carrington had induced him to assert his claim again.
Captain Boomsby had followed me to Florida in the Islander, with the solicitor as his passenger. The former had evidently undertaken "to get rid of me;" but, instead of doing this, he had sacrificed the solicitor. Both he and the lawyer had become hard drinkers, and in the Captain's attempt to wreck me, he had sunk the Islander and drowned his employer. I judged that this would be the end of the conspiracy; and so it was, so far as my cousin Owen and the solicitor were concerned, but not on the part of Captain Boomsby.
I had left my "ancient enemy," as I had a right to regard Captain Boomsby, at Jacksonville when we sailed for the West Indies. I knew that his experiment of making money in Michigan had been a failure, and that he was looking for a more hopeful field of operations in some other section of the country. One of his men told me that he intended to run the Sylvania on the St. Johns River as a passenger boat, and that he felt sure of obtaining possession of her, because, he asserted, he was the rightful owner of her. The paper he had signed was destroyed with the rest of my valuables.
As the steam-yacht approached the coast of Florida I did not even think of my ancient enemy. I had left him in Jacksonville, where he was drinking all he could carry, every day. He was terribly bitter and revengeful towards me; for though my father had paid him a considerable sum of money to appease him, rather than to satisfy any just claim he had upon me, he could never be content until he obtained all that could be had, either by fair means or by foul. There was no more principle in him than there was in a paving-stone.
"That is St. Augustine Light," I continued. "There can be no mistake about it, for there is not another light within thirty-five miles of it; and we could not have gone so wide of the mark as that."
"You are right, Captain Alick, as you always are," laughed the mate.
"None of that, Bob! You know as well as the next fellow that I am not always right; I wish I were. How was it about going into St. George?" I replied.
"The exception always proves the rule. I was right by accident that time. But you never go ahead till you are sure where you are going."
"I shall not this time," I added, turning to the _Coast Pilot_ again. "'Vessels coming from the northward will run down till the light-house bears west by north, keeping in three fathoms of water,'" I continued, reading from the book.
We kept the Sylvania moving at about half-speed until the tower bore in the required direction; then the mate directed Buck Lingley, who was on watch forward, to heave the lead.
"Mark under water three," reported the deck-hand.
"That's all right," I added. "Now how is the tide?"
We could cross the bar only when the water was above half-tide; and this was an important question. We found from our nautical almanac that it would be half-tide at nine o'clock in the forenoon; and it was not yet seven in the morning by the corrected time. We were as near the coast as I cared to go. We could just make out the square tower of the light-house in the fog, and I was not willing to trust myself in unknown waters near the shore without a pilot. I directed Washburn to stop the engine, and keep a sharp lookout for the drift of the steamer.
Leaving the pilot-house, I went forward, and presently discovered a pilot-boat coming out of the inlet. One of her crew was waving a flag to the port side from her bow. This meant that we were to bear to starboard. I told the mate to go ahead, bearing to the northward. In a few minutes more we had a pilot on board, whose first question was as to our draft of water. I gave it as nine feet, though it was considerably less when we had nearly emptied our coal-bunkers. The pilot decided that we must wait a couple of hours.
The sun rose at 6.26 on the first day of March, which was just ten minutes earlier than at Detroit. It soon burned off the fog inshore, so that we could see the ancient city of St. Augustine. Our passengers, who had become so accustomed to sea-life that they did not turn out before eight in the morning, soon began to appear. With the pilot at the wheel we went over the bar before nine, and a run of two miles more brought us to our anchorage off the sea-wall.
OUR LIBERAL PASSENGERS.
"Where are we now, Alick, my boy?" asked my cousin Owen Garningham, as he came on deck after we had anchored off the pier.
"We are at St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, founded by the Spaniards in 1565----"
"Cut it short, if you please, my affectionate cousin," interposed Owen, with an affected yawn. "I haven't been to breakfast yet; and surely you don't expect me to learn history so early in the morning. I simply asked you where we were, and you go back over three hundred years to answer the question."
"I thought you might want to know something about the place," I replied.
"Exactly so. Where are we?"
Owen bit his lip, smiled, and then looked about him at the various objects in sight.
"If you will tell me exactly what you want to know, I will answer your questions; at least, I will tell you all I know," I added.
"Don't do that: it would take too long," he replied, yawning again.
"I wouldn't listen to all a fool knew before breakfast; and it would take you two years to tell all you know, sweet cousin."
"Not so long as that. We made the land about six this morning, in a fog----"
"You made the land! Well, you didn't have a very bad job of it, for it is nothing but house sand. Of course I know we are somewhere on the coast of Florida, for when we left the Bermudas we were bound to St. Augustine. We have got there, you say; and I thank you for telling me. After breakfast, when I have a cigar, I will, with your leave, read the history of the place."
"You have my permission; and I will furnish the book from which you may read it."
"Thanks. Now, could you, Alick, without straining yourself too much, tell me something about what we may see by looking about us in just this place--never mind the other parts of the State," continued Owen, looking around him.
"I will tell you all I know about it," I replied.
"I wish everybody would tell only that."
"The opening you see on the other side of the bay, and through which we came in from sea, is between Anastasia Island on the south, and the main land on the north. The water to the north and south of us, inside the land, is Matanzas River. The works you see to the north is Fort Marion. The sea-wall extends from that to the point, south of us, a mile: it is built of coquina, a kind of rock quarried on Anastasia Island, formed of sand and shells----"
"From the point to the south of us, you see an opening in the land: that is the mouth of the San Sebastian River. The city of St. Augustine is built on the tongue of land between the two rivers. The buildings near the point are the United States Barracks. The structure extending out into the river from the sea-wall is a wharf or pier, built for the convenience of vessels landing freight or passengers."
"But what does a vessel do that has both freight and passengers?" asked Owen, gravely. "I dare say she has to go to Jacksonville, where they have more than one wharf."
"I stand corrected: a vessel landing passengers _and_ freight," I added. "But I can't say, of my own knowledge, that the same vessel lands both here, for I never saw the place before in my life."
"It is well to be sure," said Owen, as the breakfast-bell rang.
Before we left Jacksonville in December, I had taken an additional person on board, who did duty in the cabin as a waiter. Though Peeks, the steward, never complained, I saw that he had too much to do. The distance from the cook's galley to the companion-way of the after cabin made it hard work to serve the table in the latter. The distance to the forward cabin, where the ship's company messed, was hardly less. I found that the officers and crew sometimes had to wait for their meals, and that the discipline of the vessel was thus broken in upon. The steward and the waiter had about all they could do to take care of the five passengers in the after cabin, who were very uncertain in their hours in the morning.
I had decided to have another waiter for the forward cabin, and thus allow Peeks to do the proper work of a chief steward in looking out for the whole of his department. We had been in port so much during the winter that I found I could well afford the additional expense, for my payments had been less than the estimate. Though we were to cruise on the St. Johns River and other streams during the month, there would be a great deal of boat-work for the deck-hands and firemen, for the latter did not complain if called to other duty than that of the fire-room, and by this time were good sailors.
I went to my breakfast, which had been waiting an hour for me on the galley, for I never left the deck till the anchor was overboard. There was no one to bring my meal, and the mate's watch had taken theirs while I was talking to Owen. It was half an hour before the steward or the waiter could attend to my wants; and the dignity of the commander of the Sylvania did not permit him to carry his own breakfast from the galley, while there were passengers on board. I hoped I should be able to find another waiter at St. Augustine, though I supposed they would all be in demand at the hotels. At last I heard the voices of the passengers on deck. I did not ring the call-bell on the table until I was sure they had finished their morning meal, for all on board made it a point to give up everything for them.
"I haven't had my breakfast yet," I said, as Peeks came down into the cabin. "I have been waiting here half an hour for it."
"I am very sorry, but it happens so sometimes, even when I do my best," replied Peeks, evidently much disturbed by the situation. "It is all I can do, with the waiter, to get what the passengers want when they all come to the table at once. We have to cook everything after they order it, or it would not be fit to eat."
"I don't blame you, and I have no fault to find," I added, soothingly. "I shall give you another waiter as soon as one can be found."
"I think we need another. If the meals could be served at fixed hours, we could get along very well; but the passengers take their breakfast anywhere from eight to eleven."
"I understand it perfectly; but they have a right to do just as they please, and I shall not interfere with their habits," I replied; and the steward went for my breakfast.
Oliver Optic's Down South; or, Yacht Adventure in Florida (1880) opens its narrative aboard the steamer Sylvania, where Captain Garningham commands a mixed company of Western and Southern characters. The excerpted passage centers on a violent confrontation: the octoroon steward Griffin Leeds draws a bowie knife on Ben Bowman, a passenger, after waking from a dream of assault. The captain's swift, authoritative response—ordering Griffin tied and handed to police—reveals a narrative voice that prizes decisive action and moral clarity. Optic's prose moves briskly between dialogue and command, with the captain's internal debate over leniency adding a layer of psychological tension. The scene also introduces Cornwood, a Floridian who pleads for the steward, hinting at regional sympathies that may complicate the hero's straightforward sense of justice.
A Captain's Voice: Authority and Moral Certainty
Captain Garningham speaks in short, declarative sentences that project unhesitating authority: “We don't allow brawls on board this steamer.” His internal monologue, however, reveals a flicker of doubt—“I was afraid I might do so if he talked to me long in this strain”—suggesting a character who must consciously steel himself against compassion. Optic uses this tension to humanize the hero without undermining his resolve. The captain's reasoning is grounded in observable fact: he notes that Griffin drew the knife “at least five minutes after you were pinned to the deck,” rejecting the dream excuse as “too thin.” This emphasis on evidence over emotion aligns with the series' didactic strain, where right action follows from clear-eyed judgment.
Dialogue as a Tool of Character and Conflict
The excerpt's dialogue does more than advance plot; it differentiates characters by register and intent. Griffin's speech shifts from frantic pleading (“I was mad, crazy with excitement”) to humble self-deprecation (“I never was before a court for anything”), a pattern that invites reader sympathy even as the captain remains unmoved. Cornwood, by contrast, uses formal, lawyerly phrases—“I beg you to consider that you are doing a very great injustice”—that mark him as a man of persuasion rather than action. Ben Bowman's interjection is defensive and literal: “I did not lay the weight of one hand on him.” Optic thus builds a small courtroom drama on deck, where each voice reveals a distinct moral posture.
Pace and Tension in the Confrontation Scene
Optic controls pace through alternating bursts of action and deliberation. The physical struggle—wrenching the knife, tying the prisoner—is rendered in rapid, clipped clauses: “Hold on to him a moment, Buck!” “Get some line, and tie him hand and foot!” Then the narrative slows for debate, as Cornwood pleads and the captain weighs his duty against the upcoming excursion. This rhythm of crisis and reflection recurs throughout the passage, creating a pattern that keeps the reader engaged while allowing moral questions to surface. The final shift to planning the up-river trip (“We leave on Monday”) returns the story to its adventure trajectory, but the unresolved tension over Griffin's fate lingers.
Readers approaching Down South should attend to how Optic balances the promised yacht adventures—hunting alligators, fishing, exploring Florida's rivers—with the interpersonal dramas that test the hero's principles. The excerpt suggests that even in a “sportsman's paradise,” moral decisions carry weight. The captain's voice, at once firm and introspective, anchors the narrative; watching how he navigates both the St. Johns and the demands of justice will reward those who read beyond the surface of adventure.
Reading about the steward’s knife and the tense quarters on that yacht, I remembered the cramped, hot summers of my own childhood, reading It in a porch hammock. That cat’s independent, wary watchfulness felt like the same unspoken hurt I sensed between characters here. Both books make me think about how silence can hold more than speech. It's like this, cat — Story, Setting & Ideas
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